Candles create a warm, inviting atmosphere, but they can also release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. These compounds, emitted when candles burn or even while unlit, contribute to indoor air pollution and potential health risks.
What VOCs Do Candles Emit?
Burning candles, especially those made from paraffin wax, releases a range of VOCs, including:
- Benzene & Toluene – Found in petroleum-based waxes, these compounds are known to affect the nervous system and, in high amounts, can increase cancer risk [1].
- Formaldehyde – A common indoor air pollutant that can cause eye and throat irritation, as well as long-term respiratory effects [2].
- Acetaldehyde – Contributes to headaches and irritation, often released from scented candles.
- Limonene & Other Fragrances – While natural, these compounds react with ozone in the air to create formaldehyde and secondary pollutants [3].
Are Certain Candles Safer?
Not all candles produce the same level of VOCs. Soy, beeswax, and coconut wax candles burn cleaner and release fewer pollutants compared to paraffin-based candles. Unscented and dye-free candles also reduce emissions, as synthetic fragrances and dyes can contribute to VOC release.
How to Reduce VOC Exposure from Candles
- Use natural wax candles like beeswax or soy to minimize harmful emissions.
- Ensure proper ventilation when burning candles, especially in small spaces.
- Limit scented candles, as added fragrances contribute to VOC levels.
- Trim the wick to reduce soot and incomplete combustion.
Being mindful of candle ingredients and air circulation can help you enjoy candlelight without compromising indoor air quality.